What the COVID-19 pandemic tells us about how viruses evolve

Early in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists predicted the SARS-CoV-2 virus would mutate slowly. They were wrong. Hundreds of thousands of viral mutations and multiple seasonal waves later, we now know why. The answer changes researchers' understanding of viral evolution — and it could help predict the evolution of other viruses in the future. Emily talks about it all with Sarah Zhang, a health writer for The Atlantic. Want to hear more virology or human biology stories? Let us know by emailing shortwave@npr.org.

Mar 24, 2025 - 08:12
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What the COVID-19 pandemic tells us about how viruses evolve
Concept image of COVID-19 cells (variants Gamma, Delta, and Omicron). For a long time, scientists couldn

Early in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists predicted the SARS-CoV-2 virus would mutate slowly. They were wrong. Hundreds of thousands of viral mutations and multiple seasonal waves later, we now know why. The answer changes researchers' understanding of viral evolution — and it could help predict the evolution of other viruses in the future. Emily talks about it all with Sarah Zhang, a health writer for The Atlantic.

Want to hear more virology or human biology stories? Let us know by emailing shortwave@npr.org.

(Image credit: Matt Anderson Photography)